ccnp课程:简单路由重分发和ASBR汇总配置和验证
昨天的CCNP课程提到过ASBR,今天正式的讲一下ASBR。所谓的ASBR是ospf锁特有的,它是指在ospf区域中同时运行了ospf和其他路由协议的路由器,它更像是一个翻译,既能明白ospf也能明白其他的路由协议。默认像这种翻译功能未开启,要开启这种翻译功能就不得不提到路由重分发,路由重分发能够把其他路由协议学到的路由让别的路由也学到。而今天讲到的ASBR就必须要用到重分发。今天只是简单的接触一下重分发,以后还要重点讲,比如路由重分发的控制等。
拓扑是在昨天的配置上新增了一台R6,R6充当ASBR.R6同时运行着eigrp和ospf。通过重分发我们让ospf学到eigrp的4个网段。
拓扑图如下:
各个路由器的配置命令如下:
- r1:
- in e1/1
- ip add 192.168.6.2 255.255.255.0
- no sh
- in e1/0
- ip add 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
- no sh
- router ospf 1
- net 192.168.6.2 0.0.0.0 a 0
- net 192.168.1.1 0.0.0.0 a 0
- r2:
- in e1/2
- ip add 192.168.5.2 255.255.255.0
- no sh
- in e1/1
- ip add 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0
- no sh
- router ospf 1
- net 192.168.5.2 0.0.0.0 a 0
- net 192.168.2.1 0.0.0.0 a 0
- r3:
- in e1/1
- ip add 192.168.1.2 255.255.255.0
- no sh
- in e1/2
- ip add 192.168.2.2 255.255.255.0
- no sh
- in e1/3
- ip add 192.168.3.1 255.255.255.0
- no sh
- in e1/4
- ip add 192.168.4.1 255.255.255.0
- no sh
- router ospf 1
- net 192.168.1.2 0.0.0.0 a 0
- net 192.168.2.2 0.0.0.0 a 0
- net 192.168.3.1 0.0.0.0 a 1
- net 192.168.4.1 0.0.0.0 a 1
- r4:
- in e1/1
- ip add 192.168.3.2 255.255.255.0
- no sh
- ip ospf 1 a 1
- r5:
- in e1/1
- ip add 192.168.4.2 255.255.255.0
- no sh
- ip opsf 1 a 1
- r6:
- in e1/0
- ip add 192.168.6.1 255.255.255.0
- no sh
- in e1/1
- ip add 192.168.5.1 255.255.255.0
- in loop 1
- ip add 172.16.0.1 255.255.255.0
- in loop 2
- ip add 172.16.1.1 255.255.255.0
- in loop 3
- ip add 172.16.2.1 255.255.255.0
- in loop 4
- ip add 172.16.3.1 255.255.255.0
- router ospf 1
- net 192.168.6.1 0.0.0.0 a 0
- net 192.168.5.1 0.0.0.0 a 0
- redistribute eigrp 100 subnets
- router eigrp 100
- net 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
- redestribute ospf 1 metric 10000 100 255 1 1500
验证命令:
- show ip ro
- show ip pro
- show ip ospf data
- show ip ospf nei
- show ip rout ospf
先看看在执行重分发之前r4的路由表:
- r4#show ip ro
- Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
- D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
- N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
- E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
- i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
- ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
- o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route
- Gateway of last resort is not set
- O 192.168.4.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.3.1, 00:07:46, Ethernet1/1
- O IA 192.168.5.0/24 [110/30] via 192.168.3.1, 00:05:30, Ethernet1/1
- O IA 192.168.6.0/24 [110/30] via 192.168.3.1, 00:06:11, Ethernet1/1
- O IA 192.168.1.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.3.1, 00:07:46, Ethernet1/1
- O IA 192.168.2.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.3.1, 00:07:46, Ethernet1/1
- C 192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet1/1
执行重分发后r4的路由表:
- r4# http://www.xiaoxiongboke.com show ip route ospf
- 172.16.0.0/24 is subnetted, 4 subnets
- O E2 172.16.0.0 [110/20] via 192.168.3.1, 00:23:12, Ethernet1/1
- O E2 172.16.1.0 [110/20] via 192.168.3.1, 00:23:12, Ethernet1/1
- O E2 172.16.2.0 [110/20] via 192.168.3.1, 00:23:12, Ethernet1/1
- O E2 172.16.3.0 [110/20] via 192.168.3.1, 00:23:12, Ethernet1/1
- O 192.168.4.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.3.1, 00:30:58, Ethernet1/1
- O IA 192.168.5.0/24 [110/30] via 192.168.3.1, 00:28:42, Ethernet1/1
- O IA 192.168.6.0/24 [110/30] via 192.168.3.1, 00:29:23, Ethernet1/1
- O IA 192.168.1.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.3.1, 00:30:58, Ethernet1/1
- O IA 192.168.2.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.3.1, 00:30:58, Ethernet1/1
是否发现路由条目有一些不同?出现了4条在eigrp中配置的172.16网段的路由条目,而且在O后面标注了E2,这表明这是一条2类外部路由,ospf默认从外部重分发的路由为2类外部路由。当然还有1类外部路由,至于其中有什么不同我也不细讲了。
解释一下重分发的配置:
要将eigrp路由重分发到ospf,那么我们应该进入ospf路由配置模式。在路由配置模式下,打出这条命令redistribute eigrp 100 subnets,这条命令将eigrp 100的路由重分发到ospf。注意如果不打上subnets是不会重分发子网的。
要将ospf重分发到eigrp,我们应进入eigrp路由配置模式,在路由配置模式下,打出这条命令redestribute ospf 1 metric 10000 100 255 1 1500,重点是metric后面的5个值,这5个值就是eigrp的5个k值,依次为带宽,延迟,可靠度,负载和MTU值。从别的路由重分发到ospf的2类外部路由默认度量值为20,而重分发到eigrp如果没有打上metric后的5个k值,那么度量值为无穷大,而无穷大代表路由不可达,所以必须打上这几个值。
照例讲一下在ASBR上的路由汇总,昨天我讲过在ABR上进行汇总。大家对比一下,到现在我已经讲过3种汇总方法了,大家总结一下,
看看有什么区别。
很简单,一条命令搞定。
r6:
router ospf 1
summary-address 172.16.0.0 255.255.252.0
再看看r4汇总后的路由表吧。
- r4#show ip rout ospf
- 172.16.0.0/22 is subnetted, 1 subnets
- O E2 172.16.0.0 [110/20] via 192.168.3.1, 00:03:19, Ethernet1/1
- O 192.168.4.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.3.1, 00:49:26, Ethernet1/1
- O IA 192.168.5.0/24 [110/30] via 192.168.3.1, 00:47:10, Ethernet1/1
- O IA 192.168.6.0/24 [110/30] via 192.168.3.1, 00:47:51, Ethernet1/1
- O IA 192.168.1.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.3.1, 00:49:26, Ethernet1/1
- O IA 192.168.2.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.3.1, 00:49:26, Ethernet1/1
4条外部路由被汇总为1条172.16.0.0了。